Detail View: C. Szwedzicki: The North American Indian Works: CREEK 1812

Work Record ID: 
330
Reproduction Record ID: 
330
Work Class: 
portraits
Work Type: 
print
Title: 
North American Indian Costumes: (1564-1950)
Title Type: 
collective title
Title: 
CREEK 1812
Title Type: 
constructed title
Measurements: 
11.85 x 5.55 in (30.10 x 14.10 cm) on sheet 17.55 x 12.50 in (44.58 x 31.75 cm)
Measurement Type: 
dimensions
Material: 
paper (fiber product)
Material Type: 
support
Inscription: 
Below Image Right: CREEK 1812
Inscription: 
Above Image Right: PLATE 16
Creator: 
Howe, Oscar, 1915-1983
Creator Dates: 
1915-1983
Creator Nationality: 
Nakota (Yankton) // Apache (Inde)
Creator Name Variant: 
Trader Boy (Mazuha Hokshina)
Creator Type: 
personal name
Creator Role: 
illustrator
Creator: 
King, Charles Bird, 1785-1862
Creator Dates: 
1785-1862
Creator Nationality: 
American
Creator Type: 
personal name
Creator Role: 
painter
Creator: 
Inman, Henry, 1801-1846
Creator Dates: 
1801-1846
Creator Nationality: 
American
Creator Type: 
personal name
Creator Role: 
painter
Date: 
1952
Location: 
Washington (D.C.)
Repository: 
Art & Music Department, Public Library of Cincinnati & Hamilton County, Cincinnati, Ohio
Repository Type: 
current repository
ID Number: 
16
ID Number Type: 
plate number
ID Number: 
R391 ffJ17 Vol. 1
ID Number Type: 
call number
Style Period: 
Indian art--North America
Style Period: 
Creek (style)
Culture: 
Native American
Culture: 
Nakota (Yankton)
Culture: 
Creek
Subject: 
Garters
Subject: 
Moccasins
Subject: 
Beadwork
Subject: 
Vests
Subject: 
Headdresses
Subject: 
Shirts, Men's
Subject: 
Sashes (Costume)
Subject: 
Neckties
Subject: 
Coats
Subject: 
Bandolier bags
Subject: 
Tattooing
Subject: 
Trade cloth
Subject: 
Inman, Henry, 1801-1846
Subject: 
King, Charles Bird, 1785-1862
Subject: 
Calico
Subject: 
Ruffles
Subject: 
Jackson, Andrew, 1767-1845
Subject: 
Soto, Hernando de, ca. 1500-1542
Subject: 
Yoholo-Micco, ca. 1790-1838
Subject: 
Hosiery
Related Work: 
Jacobson, Oscar Brousse, 1882-1966. North American Indian Costumes: (1564-1950) / Illustrations by Oscar Howe. Nice (France): C. Szwedzicki, 1952.
Description: 
From: North American Indian Costumes, Vol. 1, p. 15: The Creeks form the largest division of the Muskogean family. They originally claimed territory in Alabama and Georgia, from the Atlantic Ocean to the mountains, including some islands. At an early date, they sold to Great Britain large tracts of land and nearly all their islands. The early history of the Creeks is not known. De Soto mentions that a league of several towns existed among them in 1540, with a head chief presiding over all of them. For a hundred years before their removal to Oklahoma, the Creeks occupied fifty or more towns in which were spoken six distinct languages. This would indicate that they are a composite people. One of their sub-groups, the Hitchitis, appears to have been the remnant of the ancient people of Georgia, commonly known as the Mound Builders. The Seminoles are an offshoot of the Lower Creeks. The Creeks entered into American history as the allies of the English in the Appalachian Wars of 1703-08, and continued as staunch friends of the English colonists and hostile to the Spaniards of Florida. There was one serious revolt against Americans in 1813-14 known as the Creek War, in which General Andrew Jackson was active. This conflict ended in disaster for the Indians. Their greatest leader Weatherford surrendered and the tribe lost nearly all its land in the United States. The Creeks were also involved in the Seminole War, which resulted in their removal to Indian Territory, in 1836-1840. The Creeks were a proud and haughty people, brave and gallant in war. The men were famous for their great height, their well formed bodies, and their graceful movements. They loved adornment and decoration and were fond of music and games. Their great religious ceremony was the annual Puskita -- a sacred fire ritual. They held peace festivals in what they called their "white" towns, while their "red" towns were reserved for war ceremonies. They had Negro slaves, and eventually many had mixed blood. At the time of their removal to Indian Territory, they numbered between 15,000 and 20,000. In Indian Territory, they were assigned three million two hundred thousand acres with the capitol at Okmulgee. They had a constitution and written laws. Plate No. 16 represents a Creek before the time of the Creek War. The white man's influence is already prevalent in design and in materials used. Map references: Washington (D.C.) References: The original was painted by Charles Bird King (1785-1862) in Washington (D.C.) in 1825. The portrait was copied by Henry Inman (1801-1846). Lithographs based on the Inman copy of the King portrait appear in the following editions of McKenney, Thomas Loraine, 1785-1859, and Hall, James, 1793-1868. The History of the Indian Tribes of North America: Philadelphia: F. W. Greenough, 1838-1844. Philadelphia: J. T. Bowen, 1848-1850.
Reproduction Rights Statement: 
These images are for non-profit, educational use. For more information see Fair Use statement at https://digitalprojects.libraries.uc.edu/fairuse/.